| 1209036790 | What was Doña Marina's role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?A) She unwittingly infected many of her people with smallpox.B) She betrayed the secret entrance to Tenochtitlan.C) She bore Cortés a child, who would bring unity among both peoples.D) She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter.E) She was the first Catholic convert. | D) She could speak several native languages and served as an interpreter. | 0 |
| 1209036791 | The first indigenous people that the Spanish empire dispossessed of their lands and forced into labor were theA) Aztecs.B) Incas.C) Iroquois.D) Maya.E) Taíno. | E) Taíno. | 1 |
| 1209036792 | The labor system that compelled native workers to labor in Spanish mines and fields in exchange for protection and Christian conversion was known asA) the encomienda system.B) the hacienda.C) slavery.D) indentured servitude.E) the repartimiento system. | A) the encomienda system. | 2 |
| 1209036793 | Which of the following was NOT a significant factor in Cortés's defeat of the Aztec empire?A) superior Spanish technology, especially swords, muskets, cannons, and horsesB) a devastating smallpox epidemicC) the inadequate defenses of TenochtitlanD) the resentment of many indigenous peoples to Aztec ruleE) All these answers are correct, as none were factors in the defeat of the Aztecs. | C) the inadequate defenses of Tenochtitlan | 3 |
| 1209036794 | In colonial governments, the power of the Spanish viceroy was kept in check by the authority ofA) the Catholic church.B) the audiencias.C) the colonial legislature.D) the Spanish crown.E) the colonial militias. | D) the Spanish crown. | 4 |
| 1209036795 | How did Portugal gain an empire in Brazil?A) Portuguese mariners were first to explore the Amazon basin.B) The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to divide the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal, unintentionally granted Brazil to Portugal.C) Initially, the Spanish had no interest in South America.D) Brazilian natives successfully resisted Spanish invaders.E) None of these answers is correct. | B) The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to divide the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal, unintentionally granted Brazil to Portugal. | 5 |
| 1209036796 | The English settlements in North America grew slowly at first becauseA) of the large, densely-populated Indian communities that dominated the coast.B) the first English settlements did not prepare sufficient food crops.C) the colonies did not produce commodities that Europeans were eager to buy.D) the English government did not support or protect the colonies.E) All these answers are correct. | B) the first English settlements did not prepare sufficient food crops. | 6 |
| 1209036797 | One significant difference in the administration of English colonies compared to their Spanish counterparts wasA) the Spanish crown was less actively involved in the government of their colonies.B) English governors were elected directly by the colonists, while Spanish viceroys were appointed by the crown.C) Spanish colonies had powerful local assemblies, while the English did not.D) English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs.E) the church played a greater role in the administration of Spanish colonies. | D) English colonies were often financed by private investors, who retained control over colonial affairs. | 7 |
| 1209036798 | How did European settlers in North America legally justify seizing lands from native North American peoples?A) The settlers negotiated treaties.B) Because the native Americans were not Christian, they had no right to the land.C) Because the native Americans were hunters and gatherers rather than farmers, their claims to the land were not considered valid.D) The settlers established squatters' rights on unoccupied lands.E) By defeating the native Americans in battle, the English and French claimed the land as a spoil of war. | A) The settlers negotiated treaties. | 8 |
| 1209036799 | A mestizo is aA) person born in Spain who immigrated to the New World.B) person of Spanish descent born in the New World.C) person of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent.D) person of mixed African and indigenous descent.E) person of mixed Spanish and African descent. | C) person of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent. | 9 |
| 1209036800 | Criollos differed from peninsulares only in thatA) they were born in the western hemisphere and not the eastern hemisphere.B) their mothers were part native.C) they had no land and were economically dependent.D) they had not yet been baptized in the Catholic church.E) they were indentured servants, while peninsulares were free. | A) they were born in the western hemisphere and not the eastern hemisphere. | 10 |
| 1209036801 | The most valuable commodity for the Spanish in the Americas wasA) minerals like silver and gold.B) sugar and rum.C) tobacco.D) furs.E) timber. | A) minerals like silver and gold. | 11 |
| 1209036802 | How did the mining industries of the Americas stimulate global economic growth?A) Mining increased the demand for labor, sparking the growth of an indigenous middle class.B) Mineral ores from Mexico provided the raw materials for European manufacturing.C) The sale of slaves to the mines by the Portuguese resulted in the Portuguese spending their wealth throughout Europe and Africa.D) The Spanish quinto circulated throughout European and Asian markets.E) All these answers are correct. | D) The Spanish quinto circulated throughout European and Asian markets. | 12 |
| 1209036803 | Which of the following is NOT true of the mita system?A) It was used by the Spanish at Potosí.B) It had been used by the Incas.C) It was a form of slavery, in that workers were not paid.D) It led to high rates of death among workers.E) It affected a large portion of the indigenous population. | C) It was a form of slavery, in that workers were not paid. | 13 |
| 1209036804 | The labor system that dominated on haciendas of Spanish America wasA) indentured servitude.B) slavery.C) the mita system.D) the encomienda system.E) wage labor. | D) the encomienda system. | 14 |
| 1209036805 | Why did the production of sugar differ from that of other agricultural commodities of the western hemisphere?A) Sugar production was particularly hard on the environment.B) Sugarcane required extensive processing to turn it into a profitable export.C) African slaves were the only people who knew how to grow sugarcane.D) Sugar was extremely profitable with very little investment.E) It was only possible to grow in Brazil, and it had an extremely short growing season. | B) Sugarcane required extensive processing to turn it into a profitable export. | 15 |
| 1209036806 | Which of the following was NOT a typical result of the North American fur trade?A) intense competition and even warfare among indigenous peoples for European tradeB) intense competition among French, Dutch, and English fur tradersC) the decimation of the beaver population in North AmericaD) hostile relations between European traders and Native American trappersE) the introduction of European manufactured goods to indigenous peoples | D) hostile relations between European traders and Native American trappers | 16 |
| 1209036808 | Indentured servants who worked off their contracts in the colonies oftenA) returned disappointed to Europe.B) hoped to become wealthy plantation-owners.C) hoped to become active in the politics of the colonies.D) hoped to become independent artisans or planters.E) remained in debt for many years. | D) hoped to become independent artisans or planters. | 17 |
| 1209036811 | Why were the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica and South America more likely to accept Christianity than were the peoples of North America?A) Mesoamerican and South American peoples found many similarities between their religions and Catholicism.B) North American peoples were more geographically scattered, and thus more difficult for missionaries to reach.C) Catholic missionaries in Spanish America were more tolerant of native cultures than were the Protestant missionaries in North America.D) Catholic rule in the New World was more generous and enlightened than the English or the French rule.E) None of these answers is correct. | B) North American peoples were more geographically scattered, and thus more difficult for missionaries to reach. | 18 |
| 1209036813 | The first explorers to Australia were not interested in settlement becauseA) the first explorers were driven away by hostile aborigines.B) the first explorers could not sail across the Great Barrier Reef.C) the land appeared too densely forested to settle easily.D) Australia was too far from European markets.E) All these answers are correct. | C) the land appeared too densely forested to settle easily. | 19 |
